Foundation Models / GPAI
foundation_models · AI-governance topic
Foundation Models / GPAI is obligations specific to general-purpose / foundation models above certain capability thresholds. Across 9 tracked AI-governance instruments, 5 address this topic explicitly, 3 via general principles, and 1 are silent.
Definition and scope
Obligations specific to general-purpose / foundation models above certain capability thresholds.
The cross-jurisdiction picture below shows how each of 9 tracked instruments treats this topic. The patterns vary substantially — and 1 regime is silent, leaving gaps that future policy work could address.
Cross-jurisdiction coverage
| Instrument | Jurisdiction | Coverage | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU AI Act | EU | governs | Arts. 51-55 (general-purpose AI + systemic risk) |
| Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, Trustworthy AI | US | governs | §4.2(a) — Defense Production Act reporting |
| UK Pro-Innovation Approach to AI Regulation (White Paper) | UK | implicit | Cross-cutting principles; sector regulators apply |
| Interim Measures for Generative AI Service Management | CN | governs | Art. 2 (applies to GenAI services regardless of size) |
| G7 Hiroshima AI Process Code of Conduct | G7 | governs | Code applies to advanced AI |
| OECD AI Principles (Recommendation) | OECD | implicit | 2024 update clarifies GPAI scope |
| Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI | council_of_europe | implicit | Applies to AI throughout lifecycle (Art. 3) |
| UN GA Resolution on Safe, Secure, Trustworthy AI | UN | silent | Resolution is principle-level, not specific |
| NIST AI Risk Management Framework | US | governs | GenAI Profile (NIST AI 600-1, 2024) |
Silent regimes — gap signal
Instruments that do not address Foundation Models / GPAI — candidates for future policy work.
Related topics
Topics with similar coverage patterns across the tracked instruments.
References
- EU-AIA-2024: Arts. 51-55 (general-purpose AI + systemic risk)
- US-EO-14110: §4.2(a) — Defense Production Act reporting
- UK-WHITEPAPER-2023: Cross-cutting principles; sector regulators apply
- CN-GENAI-2023: Art. 2 (applies to GenAI services regardless of size)
- G7-HIROSHIMA: Code applies to advanced AI
- OECD-AI-PRIN: 2024 update clarifies GPAI scope
- COE-AI-CONV: Applies to AI throughout lifecycle (Art. 3)
- NIST-AI-RMF: GenAI Profile (NIST AI 600-1, 2024)
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8 instruments tracked.