California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act
CA-SB-1047 · US
California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act is a Binding regulation from US, adopted on 2024-09-29. Current status: Proposed. First US state-level model-testing mandate. Passed CA legislature Sep 2024; vetoed by Gov. Newsom Sep 29, 2024. Re-introduction expected 2025-2026 with amendments. Would have required pre-deployment third-party testing for models above 10^26 FLOPs OR $100M+ training cost. Cited in every 2024-2025 AI governance literature review as the most impactful US state intervention.
Scope and obligations
First US state-level model-testing mandate. Passed CA legislature Sep 2024; vetoed by Gov. Newsom Sep 29, 2024. Re-introduction expected 2025-2026 with amendments. Would have required pre-deployment third-party testing for models above 10^26 FLOPs OR $100M+ training cost. Cited in every 2024-2025 AI governance literature review as the most impactful US state intervention.
California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act addresses 3 contested AI-governance topics explicitly, 2 via general principles,.
Topics governed
- governsFoundation Models / GPAI— Cal. SB-1047 §22603 — 'covered model' = above 10^26 FLOPs OR $100M training cost
- governsCompute-Threshold Reporting— Cal. SB-1047 §22603(b) — annual reporting of training compute + safety determination
- implicitTransparency Obligations— Required safety determinations are public; full safety case is to regulator only
- implicitIndividual Redress— Whistleblower protections (§22607) + AG enforcement (§22608); no individual redress
- governsCatastrophic & Existential Risk— Cal. SB-1047 §22602 — defines 'critical harm' including mass casualties, $500M+ damage
Cross-jurisdiction comparison
How peer instruments treat the topics California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act governs.
| Topic | EU-AIA-2024 | US-EO-14110 | US-EO-14179 | UK-WHITEPAPER-2023 | CN-GENAI-2023 | G7-HIROSHIMA | OECD-AI-PRIN | COE-AI-CONV | UN-RES-2024 | NIST-AI-RMF | BLETCHLEY-2023 | SEOUL-2024 | NIST-AI-RMF-GENAI | IN-DPDP-2023 | BR-AIBILL-2024 | ASEAN-AI-GUIDE-2024 | AU-AI-STRATEGY-2024 | ANTHROPIC-RSP-2024 | OPENAI-PREPAREDNESS-2023 | DEEPMIND-FSF-2024 | META-FRONTIER-2024 | UK-US-AISI-MOU-2024 | WH-VOLUNTARY-2023 | SG-MODEL-AI-2024 | JP-METI-AI-2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundation Models / GPAI | governs | governs | silent | implicit | governs | governs | implicit | implicit | silent | governs | governs | governs | governs | implicit | governs | implicit | silent | governs | governs | governs | governs | governs | governs | governs | governs |
| Compute-Threshold Reporting | governs | governs | silent | silent | silent | silent | silent | silent | silent | silent | implicit | implicit | silent | silent | silent | silent | silent | implicit | implicit | silent | silent | silent | implicit | silent | silent |
| Catastrophic & Existential Risk | implicit | governs | silent | implicit | silent | governs | silent | silent | implicit | implicit | governs | governs | governs | silent | governs | silent | silent | governs | governs | governs | governs | implicit | implicit | silent | silent |
How to cite this article
APA 7
Policy Window. (2024). California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act [Wiki article]. https://policywindow.org/wiki/ca-sb-1047
Chicago 17
Policy Window. 2024. "California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act." Wiki article. https://policywindow.org/wiki/ca-sb-1047.
BibTeX
@misc{policywindow-ca-sb-1047,
title = {California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act},
author = {Policy Window},
year = {2024},
howpublished = {Cal. SB-1047 (Wiener, 2024)},
url = {https://policywindow.org/wiki/ca-sb-1047},
note = {Primary source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047}
}Related instruments
- EU AI Act · EU
- Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, Trustworthy AI · US
- G7 Hiroshima AI Process Code of Conduct · G7
- Bletchley Declaration on AI Safety · global
- Seoul Declaration on Safe, Innovative and Inclusive AI · global
- NIST AI RMF Generative AI Profile · US
- Brazil AI Bill (PL 2338/2023) · BR
- Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) v2 · US
- OpenAI Preparedness Framework · US
- Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework · US
- Meta Frontier AI Framework · US
References
- Cal. SB-1047 (Wiener, 2024)
- Cal. SB-1047 §22603 — 'covered model' = above 10^26 FLOPs OR $100M training cost
- Cal. SB-1047 §22603(b) — annual reporting of training compute + safety determination
- Required safety determinations are public; full safety case is to regulator only
- Whistleblower protections (§22607) + AG enforcement (§22608); no individual redress
- Cal. SB-1047 §22602 — defines 'critical harm' including mass casualties, $500M+ damage
Take this further — sign up free
Save, compare, or get alerts when California SB-1047: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models Act changes. Policy Window is the analyst workbench layered on top of this wiki — free for researchers, civil society, and verified policymakers.