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Enforcement timeline
Chronologically-ordered enforcement actions linked to the instruments and topics tracked in the Policy Window catalog. Closed cases sort by their resolution year; ongoing cases sort by initiation. Each entry links to the catalog topics + the catalog instruments the case touches, and (where possible) to the best-available primary source for the action.
13 catalogued cases total · 1 match the current filter (year = 2023; topic = AI in Criminal Justice; instrument = UK Pro-Innovation Approach to AI Regulation (White Paper)) clear all.
Filters
Cases (1)
- Settlement with remedy
- Open arrow = ongoing (no resolution year yet)
- Settlement with remedy
2022 → 2023 · UK
UK ICO live-facial-recognition post-mortem
Enforcer: Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)
Target: South Wales Police + Metropolitan Police (cross-force assessment)
Violation alleged: Live facial recognition deployments in public spaces without adequate proportionality assessment, transparency, or appeal mechanisms. Disparate accuracy across demographic groups.
Lesson: Mandatory pre-deployment data-protection-impact-assessment + ongoing accuracy reporting for police LFR. Demonstrated that principles-based UK regime can produce binding outcomes via sector-regulator action — but slowly (action initiated 2019, settled 2023). Cited as evidence FOR the principles-based regime (operationally adapts to context) AND AGAINST it (slow + uneven coverage).
Editorial scope
This timeline reflects enforcement cases tracked in the Policy Window catalog. It is not exhaustive; coverage focuses on high-precedent matters relevant to the catalogued instruments (currently 13 cases across EU, US, UK, China, India, Italy, France). The catalog deliberately omits routine regulator letters and ongoing investigations whose materials are not public.
For the inclusion rubric (when a case enters the catalog, what level of source-defensibility is required, how jurisdictional balance is managed), see /wiki/methodology. Cases marked “ongoing” remain editorial-watch items; outcomes get backfilled as the public record settles.