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Enforcement timeline
Chronologically-ordered enforcement actions linked to the instruments and topics tracked in the Policy Window catalog. Closed cases sort by their resolution year; ongoing cases sort by initiation. Each entry links to the catalog topics + the catalog instruments the case touches, and (where possible) to the best-available primary source for the action.
13 catalogued cases total · 3 match the current filter (topic = Deepfakes / Synthetic Content) clear all.
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Cases (3)
- Consent decree
- Withdrawn
- Open arrow = ongoing (no resolution year yet)
- Consent decree
2024 · CN
CAC Doubao deep-synthesis enforcement
Enforcer: Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)
Target: ByteDance (Doubao)
Violation alleged: Doubao deployed deepfake-generation feature without prior CAC algorithm registration; failed to embed mandatory deep-synthesis content-provenance label per Deep Synthesis Provisions Art. 16. CAC requested feature removal pending registration.
Lesson: First named CN-GENAI-2023 enforcement against a frontier-tier Chinese AI developer. Demonstrates: (1) CN registration regime applies pre-deployment + has bite even against domestic champions; (2) cross-instrument enforcement (GenAI rules + Deep Synthesis rules) is operative; (3) remediation is rapid (weeks not years) but private — no consent decree text published.
Source: http://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-01/29/c_1709169093555820.htm
- Withdrawn
2023 → 2024 · IN
MEITY deepfake takedown advisories
Enforcer: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY)
Target: Multiple intermediaries — Meta, YouTube/Google, X, several Indian social platforms
Violation alleged: Failure to take down political deepfake content within statutory windows (36 hours under IT Rules 2021). MEITY's Mar-2024 advisory additionally required pre-deployment-approval for AI models above unspecified capability thresholds; rescinded Apr-2024 after frontier-lab pushback.
Lesson: India's compressed legislative cycle: a sweeping pre-deployment-approval requirement (closer to CN registration than US sectoral) was rescinded within 5 weeks after industry + civil-society pushback. Demonstrates that Global South AI regulation is in active design AND that even nationally-coercive states face frontier-lab leverage. Indian regulatory approach now favours post-deployment incident reporting + IT-Rules takedown.
Source: https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Advisory%201%20March%202024.pdf
- Consent decree
2022 → 2023 · CN
CN CAC algorithm-recommendation rectification campaign
Enforcer: Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)
Target: Multiple platforms: Douyin, Kuaishou, Xiaohongshu, Weibo, Taobao (named in CAC public action)
Violation alleged: Unregistered or non-compliant algorithm-recommendation systems. Failure to provide opt-out mechanisms. Failure to register algorithms with CAC under the Algorithm Recommendation Provisions.
Lesson: First operational implementation of pre-deployment AI registration regime. Demonstrated that CAC has enforcement bandwidth + technical capability to audit recommender algorithms at scale. Platforms responded by significantly altering algorithm transparency + opt-out flows. Cited as the working counter-example to the 'registration regimes are unenforceable' claim.
Source: http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-03/01/c_1647248428128290.htm
Editorial scope
This timeline reflects enforcement cases tracked in the Policy Window catalog. It is not exhaustive; coverage focuses on high-precedent matters relevant to the catalogued instruments (currently 13 cases across EU, US, UK, China, India, Italy, France). The catalog deliberately omits routine regulator letters and ongoing investigations whose materials are not public.
For the inclusion rubric (when a case enters the catalog, what level of source-defensibility is required, how jurisdictional balance is managed), see /wiki/methodology. Cases marked “ongoing” remain editorial-watch items; outcomes get backfilled as the public record settles.